Reports
REPORT: Three Seas Initiative at a Crossroads – 3s1o Conference
This report was prepared for the conference ‘THREE SEAS ONE OPPORTUNITY (3S1O) W...
28.10.2025
REPORT: Under Russian Influence. Armenia, Georgia and Moldova
We are proud to present the latest report from The Opportunity Institute for Foreign Affairs, prepared by Stefania Kolarz, titled:
UNDER RUSSIAN INFLUENCE. ARMENIA, GEORGIA AND MOLDOVA
Armenia, Georgia, and Moldova recently found themselves at a historic crossroads- choosing between deepening integration with the European Union or re-engaging with Russia’s sphere of influence. The report offers an in-depth analysis of how these three countries navigate this complex geopolitical landscape amid Russia’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine and its persistent attempts to exert influence across the region. It delves deeper into the Kremlin’s multifaceted tools of influence – political, economic, informational, and energy-related – and the varying degrees of resilience shown by Armenia, Georgia, and Moldova.
“All three countries are […] at a crossroads, deciding whether to deepen ties with the West or redefine their relationship with Russia. They view each path in terms of both opportunities and risks that will significantly affect their stability and development in the coming years, and it is up to the West to support them in making the right decision […]”
The conclusions presented in this publication are based on discussions held during the expert seminar “Armenia, Georgia and Moldova in the Shadow of Russian Influence: Challenges and Directions for the Future” (January 27–28, 2025), as well as on subsequent consultations.
Among those who contributed their insights were leading regional and Polish experts:
- Kamil Całus
- Areg Kochinyan
- Narek Minasyan
- Victoria Nemerenco
- Nino Samkharadze
- Maksim Samorukov
- Olesya Vartanyan
- Wojciech Wojtasiewicz.
Their analyses shed light on key issues such as:
- Armenia’s growing disillusionment with Russian security guarantees and its gradual Western reorientation;
- Georgia’s internal tensions between pro-European society and anti-Western government rhetoric;
- Moldova’s steady progress toward EU integration and rising resistance to Russian energy and information pressure.
The report ultimately calls for stronger EU political and economic engagement in these countries as the most effective way to limit harmful Russian influence and to support democratic stability in the region.
We invite you to download the full version of the report in English!